i think we're forgetting the intense heat that occurs in the throat just in front of the chamber, this area is exposed to the most combustion heat and this is where you can cause damage with repeated firing, infact this is where 90% of all barrel wear occurs
when you fire a round through a cold barrel an amount of heat is transferred to the barrel from the inside out, the barrel then starts to cool, another shot is fired, more heat is added to the residual heat in the barrel, possibly before the barrel has reached uniform temp making the difference between the bore and the rest of the barrel. the more metal there is to heat up the slower the bore will heat up and the slower it will cool down making the transfer of heat more even and helping keep accuracy longer in rapid shooting
before long the bore is scorching hot but the outside of the barrel is just warm to touch. it's this temperature difference that causes damage. heat cracking or fire cracking (aka known as alligator skin or scaling) is seen in the throat on rifles exposed to fast fire sessions like service rifles and extreamly flat shooting varmint rifles like the american prairie dog guns which can practically destroy a barrel in a few days shooting
http://bulletin.accurateshooter.com/tag/heat/Chronos