Welcome to the forum Festus.
There are a few 'how long is a piece of string" type questions amongst the info you have provided but lets give it a go
Festus Magnus wrote:Doubtless you'd have guessed my first question: which rifle for a beginner?
For what, and what is your budget?
If you want to do hunting you'll want definitely something in a sporter profile stock. Depending on your budget that could be a $600 Howa or $1,100 Tikka or $2,000 Sako (or a bunch of others).
If you're hunting will you be going after critters (Rabbits, cats, foxes) or game (pigs, deer).
Festus Magnus wrote:I'd love the opportunity to attempt hunting at some stage, but with my very limited experience and skillset I'm afraid I'll do a disservice to the discipline and other hunters if I were to try and jump into the deep-end of the pool. I think it's best to leave it for a few years down the line until I have a suitable appreciation for the sport and my abilities are more appropriate.
All of us were novices once mate, don't talk yourself out of it because you haven't done it. How else will you learn without doing?
Learn about the equipment you're going to be using, do some research on the area you're looking at, get out there, and don't do anything stupid. That's all there is too it really.
Festus Magnus wrote:Rimfire seems to be a universal choice for a beginner, and so I'll most definitely opt for a 0.22LR rifle (I certainly don't want to approach any higher calibres without the requisite experience). From my perusal through numerous forums, I've noticed that the competition-seekers often opt for a rifle that is specifically tailored to competition-based target shooting, such as a Anschutz 1903. Would it be seen as completely inappropriate if I were to bring along a cheap and cheerful CZ 455? Particularly, from what I've seen - although I may very well be wrong, I'd love any pointers - there's a fairly large price gap between target rifles, which tend to be quite expensive, and hunting rifles, which are much more within my student budget.
There is definitely nothing wrong with starting with a .22. It make sense for a lot of reasons but isn't the only way to go.
The main argument is that when you're not use to firing centrefire rifles it can be a shock and you can develop a flinch. Flinching hurts your accuracy a lot and ones it's set in it is hard to shake.
By starting with a .22 there is so little recoil you can focus on your technique and not worry about it. Once you've got that down you'd try something bigger.
In theory anyway. It's not like there aren't people who pick up a .308 for the first time and love it.
.22lr is limited to 50m target shooting and about 75m hunting maximum so those are factors too.
As an alternative a .223 Rem has a little more but still bugger all recoil and really you can't go wrong with one. A .223 will be a lot more gun in the sense that you can do target shooting / hunt critters out to a few hundred metres with it.
Depending on what you want to do that might be a better suited choice.
Most indoor ranges (all?) will only let you shoot .22lr, no magnum or centrefire rifles. So that's something too depending on if/where you want to do your shooting.
If you want to hunt larger/tougher game like goats, pigs, deer then a .22lr or .223 will not be enough, and are also illegal for deer.
In that's the case you need to look at something like a .308 for the hunting, and that'll be suitable for target shooting to several hundred metres too.
Another thing is do you have the budget for one rifle that needs to do a few jobs? Or can you afford a few?
If it's one you need to pick a balance, if you can afford a few it doesn't matter so much and you can guy a few different tools for a few different jobs.
See how useful that info is anyway and let us know anything else.