alright I had quite a bit to read,
I do polish the throats of my bores to get rid of the carbon (HOW DARE YOU GRETA, YOU HAVE STOLEN MY DREAMS

) and before shooting for the first time because I want to smooth out any anomalies left by the reamer but I wanted to make sure what I was going to write is what the authors of the books and not just what I do,
anyway to do this job polishing the throat you would use an old or undersized nylon brush on a coated or graphite cleaning rod with a patch smeared in autosol or JB wrapped around the brush so it is a tight fit in the bore but not to tight that you can't push the patch forward,
you start by first lapping the throat section of the bore lapping back and forwards spanning about 3 inches giving the throat roughly a dozen strokes (24 back and forward), at this point you are removing circumferential reamer marks from when the barrel was chambered, this will help to clear gun dril burrs from the throat and the first section of the bore
I would then extend the area to the length of the barrel stopping 3 inches short of the muzzle for another dozen strokes ( one of the book authors says minimum 50 strokes at least) then I pop the patch out and push some clean patches through soaked in break cleaner to get rid of the black from using the autosol but I dont try and get it all out, it would be impossible
having had borescopes down my match grade bores I know that I am not destroying anything in fact I am getting rid of the carbon ring as well as helping my new barrel run in easier, I have not seen rounding of the lands because of polishing with autosol
I regularly polish the throats of my rifles for the same reason as SCJ429 has put up and have found with a couple of my rifles that after losing accuracy a polish will bring the barrel back to life
here is what some say at benchrest central, its worth a quick read, even barrel maker Wayne Shaw from Shaw barrels gives his perspective on it
http://benchrest.com/showthread.php?869 ... the-throatthis is not for everyone I understand that and that's ok, here is what is written in one of the books
"we are not going to be dainty about this, as you might read in some gun magazine article written by M.Y.Armchair. I want you to get in there and give that barrel a good kick in the pants. some foke really get there knickers in a twist about how to pass a jag through a bore, as though it were made of soft wax. if you want to play dolls and tea sets this is not the book for you"

“If you do not read the newspapers you are uninformed. If you do read the newspapers you are misinformed”. Mark Twain